Which entity is responsible for enforcing data protection regulation in a specific jurisdiction?

The entity responsible for enforcing data protection regulations in a specific jurisdiction is the regulatory authorities. Regulatory authorities are governmental or independent bodies established to oversee compliance with data protection laws and regulations within their territorial scope. They have the authority to investigate possible violations, impose penalties, and ensure that organizations handle personal data in accordance with legal requirements.

These authorities typically interpret the law, provide guidance on best practices, and have the power to enforce compliance through various means, including conducting audits and investigating complaints from individuals. Their role is crucial in maintaining the integrity of data protection frameworks and safeguarding individuals' privacy rights.

In contrast, data protection officers serve in an advisory or supervisory role within organizations to ensure compliance with data protection regulations but do not enforce the law. Data processors are entities that process data on behalf of a data controller, and while they must comply with regulations, they are not enforcement bodies themselves. Data subjects, the individuals whose personal data is processed, have rights and protections under data protection laws but do not have the authority to enforce regulations.